Glossary of Computer Terms—I
I
IBM: Stands for
International Business Machines
ICONS: Symbols or
illustrations appearing on the computer screen that indicate program files or
other computer functions.
IEEE 488: See GENERAL
PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS
IMPACT PRINTER: A
computer-driven mechanical imprinting device where the characters are formed by
the printer-head key striking a ribbon to imprint the character’s image onto a
paper.
INCREMENT: The increase in
the numerical contents of a counter. An increment of one is usually assumed,
unless otherwise specified.See DECREMENT.
INK-JET PRINTER:
A printer that forms characters by electrostatically aiming and
depositing a tiny patterned drop of ink onto the paper to be printed.
INPUT/OUTPUT
(I/O) SECTION: The section that interfaces between the computer’s
SYSTEM BUS and the peripherals feeding data into and taking data out of the
computer. Depending on the number of peripherals in a system, the I/O sections
can have a single PORT or multiple ports.
INSTRUCTION: A software
statement that specifies a machine operation. Also called a COMMAND.
INSTRUCTION SET
(INSTRUCTION REPERTOIRE): A description of the total operational
capabilities of a computer provided by the computer or the CPU (MPU)
manufacturer. It consists of a listing of binary words for each executable
commands. It is sometimes called the computer’s MICROCODE.
INTERPRETER: A high-level
language translator that converts individual highlevel computer language
program instructions (source code) into machine instructions. It translates and
executes each statement line-by-line during the running of the program.
INTERRUPT: The suspension
of normal program execution to perform a higher priority service routine as
requested by a peripheral device. After completion of the service routine
operation, the interrupted program routine is resumed at the point where it was
interrupted.
INTERNET: Established in
the 1960s by the US government, the Internet was developed so that government
agencies and universities could link research centers in response the perceived
notion that the Soviet Union was becoming more advanced in the space race. The
Internet was created as a “de-centralized” network, meaning that there is no
one place that makes up the Internet. This was done to make sure the Internet
survived a nuclear war. Today, the Internet is a vast collection of e-mail,
Usenet groups, FTP sites, and Web sites, with millions upon millions of users
from around the world.
INTERNET PIRACY:
Unauthorized copies downloaded over the internet falls under internet
piracy.
INTERNET SERVICE
PROVIDER: (ISP) It is a company which provides Internet
access to its customers.
INTERFACE: This is any
type of point where two different things come together. Most often, the term is
used to describe the programs between you and your computer like Windows, OS/2
and others. What you see on the screen is the interface between you and what
your computer is doing.
INPUT: Data that goes
into a computer device.
INPUT DEVICE: A device, such
as a keyboard, stylus and tablet, mouse, puck, or microphone, that allows input
of information (letters, numbers, sound, video) to a computer.
INSTANT
MESSENGING (IM): A chat application that allows two or more people
to communicate over the Internet via real-time keyed-in messages.
IP: (Internet
Protocol) The rules that provide basic Internet functions. (See TCP/IP).
IP (INTERNET
PROTOCOL) ADDRESS: An Internet Protocol address is a unique set of
numbers used to locate another computer on a network. The format of an IP
address is a 32-bit string of four numbers separated by periods. Each number
can be from 0 to 255 (i.e., 1.154.10.266). Within a closed network IP addresses
may be assigned at random, however, IP addresses of web servers must be
registered to avoid duplicates.
IRC: (Internet Relay
Chat) Currently an Internet tool with a limited use that lets users join a
“chat” channel and exchange typed, text messages. Few people have used IRC, but
it is going to create a revolution in communication when the Internet can
provide the bandwidth to carry full-color, live-action video and audio. IRC
came into its own during the Gulf War where unbiased reports of the war were
sent back to the United States using Internet Relay Chat to get around US
military censors.
ISDN: (Integrated
Services Digital Network) A set of communications standards that enable a
single phone line or optical cable to carry voice, digital network services and
video.
ISO: Stands for the International Standards Organization. Someone has to say what is the standard for transferring data. These people are it. You’ll find them in Paris.
ISO: Stands for the International Standards Organization. Someone has to say what is the standard for transferring data. These people are it. You’ll find them in Paris.
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