Computer Abbreviations—G

Computer Abbreviations—G

G

G11N: Globalization

Gas: GNU Assembler

Gb: Gigabit

GB: Gigabyte

GCC: GNU Compiler Collection

GCJ: GNU Compiler for Java

GCR: Group Code Recording

GDB: GNU Debugger

GDI: Graphics Device Interface

GFDL: GNU Free Documentation License

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format

GIGO: Garbage In, Garbage Out

Computer Abbreviations—F

Computer Abbreviations—F

F

FAP: FORTRAN Assembly Program

FASM: Flat ASseMbler

FAT: File Allocation Table

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

FBDIMM: Fully Buffered Dual Inline Memory Module

FC-AL: Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop

FCB: File Control Block

FCS: Frame Check Sequence

FDC: Floppy Disk Controller

FDS: Fedora Directory Server

FDD: Frequency-Division Duplexing

Computer Abbreviations—E

Computer Abbreviations—E

E

EAI: Enterprise Application Integration

EAP: Extensible Authentication Protocol

EAS: Exchange ActiveSync

EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

EBML: Extensible Binary Meta Language

ECC: Elliptic Curve Cryptography

ECMA: European Computer Manufacturers Association

ECN: Explicit Congestion Notification

ECOS: Embedded Configurable Operating System

ECRS: Expense and Cost Recovery System

EDA: Electronic Design Automation

Computer Abbreviations—D

Computer Abbreviations—D

D

DAC: Digital-To-Analog Converter

DAC: Discretionary Access Control

DAL: Database Abstraction Layer

DAO: Data Access Object

DAO: Data Access Objects

DAO: Disk-At-Once

DAP: Directory Access Protocol

DARPA: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DAT: Digital Audio Tape

DB: Database

Computer Abbreviations—C

Computer Abbreviations—C

C

CA: Computer architecture

CAD: Computer-Aided Design

CAE: Computer-Aided Engineering

CAID: Computer-Aided Industrial Design

CAI: Computer-Aided Instruction

CAM : Computer-Aided Manufacturing

CAPTCHA: Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart

CAT: Computer-Aided Translation

CAQ: Computer-Aided Quality Assurance

CASE: Computer-Aided Software Engineering

cc: C Compiler

Computer Abbreviations—B

Computer Abbreviations—B

B

B2B: Business-to-Business

B2C: Business-to-Consumer

BAL: Basic Assembly Language

BAM: Block Availability Map

Bash: Bourne-again shell

BASIC: Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BBP: Baseband Processor

BBS: Bulletin Board System

BCD: Binary Coded Decimal

BCD: Boot Configuration Data

BCNF: Boyce–Codd normal form

Geography GK 002

Geography GK 002

1. The largest dam in the world is located in
Ans : South America

2.What is the largest country in the world in terms of land area?
Ans : Russia

3.The country of Singapore is made up of how many islands?
Ans : 64

4.Which is the only country in the world to have a square flag?
Ans : Switzerland

5. What is the largest City in the USA in terms of area?
Ans : Juneau

6. What is the smallest country in the world?
Ans : Vatican City

Geography GK 001

Geography GK 001

1. Albania and Serbia are located on what peninsula?
Ans : Balkan

2. What is Pakistan's longest river?
Ans : Indus River

3. What strait divides Morocco and Spain?
Ans : Strait of Gibraltar

4. By surface area, what is the largest of Africa's great lakes?
Ans : Victoria

 
5. What country is often described as being shaped like a boot?
Ans : Italy

6.What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea?
Ans : Sicily

Computer Abbreviations—A

Computer Abbreviations—A

A

AAA: Authentication Authorization, Accounting

AABB: Axis Aligned Bounding Box

AAC: Advanced Audio Coding

AAL: ATM Adaptation Layer

AALC: ATM Adaptation Layer Connection

AARP: AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol

ABAC: Attribute-Based Access Control

ABCL: Actor-Based Concurrent Language

ABI: Application Binary Interface

ABM: Asynchronous Balanced Mode

ABR: Area Border Router

History GK 001

History GK 001

1. The First Triumvirate was established in 60 B.C. by Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and this Roman general and consul. He was one of Caesar's many enemies and his son-in-law,he became a ruler of Rome. Who was he?
Ans : Pompey

2. What was the other name given to the French and Indian War (1756-1763)?
Ans : The Seven Years' War

3. During which war in 1870 was the Battle of Sedan fought?
Ans : Franco Prussian war

4. The 1513 Battle of Flodden Field was the largest battle (in terms of numbers) ever fought between which two countries?
Ans : England and Scotland

5. This Russian ruler was the first to be crowned Czar(Tsar) when he defeated the boyars (influential families) in 1547. Who was he?
Ans : Ivan IV (the Terrible)

Glossary of Computer Terms—A to Z

Glossary of Computer Terms—A to Z

A

ACCESS TIME: The length of time required for a binary word in the memory section of a computer to be read by the Central Processing Unit (CPU), or the time to read data from a peripheral data storage area.

ACCUMULATOR: An interface Register (memory) in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), that stores interim arithmetic information for future processing. The accumulator is interface between the ALU and other sections of the computer.

ADDER: The digital logic circuits in the ALU section of a computer which implements the adding process (sum and carry) of two or more binary numbers.

ADWARE: A software program that is designed to run once a web page has been accessed. This is usually in the form of banner or popup advertisements. Adware can also be designed to be installed on your system without your consent or knowledge. These forms of adware are usually referred to as “spyware” and are used to monitor your surfing habits so that their software can deliver better targeted advertisements.

Glossary of Computer Terms—X-Y-Z

Glossary of Computer Terms—X-Y-Z

X-Y-Z

X-Y PLOTTER: A computer-driven printing mechanism that draws coordinate points in graph form.

ZOOM: The process of proportionately enlarging or reducing an image displayed on a computer monitor. 
ZIP: Stands for Zone Information Protocol. This is an application that allows for the compression of application files.

Glossary of Computer Terms—W

Glossary of Computer Terms—W

W

WAIS: Stands for Wide Area Information Servers. Searches large indexes of information on the Internet.

WAIT STATE: An internal condition of delay in processing time executed by the CPU when a synchronizing control signal is not present. Wait states synchronize the timing of a CPU with the relatively slower access time of the computer’s main memory.

WAN: Stands for Wide Area Network, like the Internet.

WAV: Stands for WAVeform sound format. Microsoft’s format for encoding sound files.

WEBCAM: A video camera/computer setup that takes live images and sends them to a Web browser.

WINCHESTER DRIVE: See HARD-DISK DRIVE

WINDOW: A portion of a computer display used in a graphical interface that enables users to select commands by pointing to illustrations or symbols with a mouse. “Windows” is also the name Microsoft adopted for its popular operating system.

Glossary of Computer Terms—V

Glossary of Computer Terms—V

V

V.42bis: A worldwide modem standard for data compression that lets modems reach data transfer speeds of up to 34,000 bits per second.

VDD: Stands for Virtual Device Driver.

VERONICA: Stands for Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives. A database of menu names from a large number of Gopher servers. A quick and easy way to search Gopher resources for information by keyword.

VGA: Stands for Video Graphics Adapter. This is a lower level color monitor.

VIRUS: An unauthorized piece of computer code attached to a computer program or portions of a computer system that secretly copies itself from one computer to another by shared discs and over telephone and cable lines. It can destroy information stored on the computer, and in extreme cases, can destroy operability.

Glossary of Computer Terms—U

Glossary of Computer Terms—U

U

ULTRA-BOOK: An Ultra Book is higher end type of Sub Note Book defined by INTEL.

UNFORMATTED (UNINITIALIZED) DISK: A blank magnetic disk with no track/sector identification recorded on it that allows users to implement their own track/sector identifications.

UNIX: This is an operating system developed by AT&T. It’s big push it that it allows one server to service many different end users at one time.

UPLOAD: The process of transferring information from a computer to a web site (or other remote location on a network) and To transfer information from a computer to a web site (or other remote location on a network).

UPS: Universal Power Supply or Uninterruptible Power Supply. An electrical power supply that includes a battery to provide enough power to a computer during an outage to back-up data and properly shut down.

Glossary of Computer Terms—T

Glossary of Computer Terms—T

T

T1: An Internet backbone line that carries up to 1.536 million bits per second (1.536Mbps).

T3: An Internet line that carries up to 45 million bits per second (45Mbps). That’s 160 times as fast as a 28.8k modem!

TCP/IP: Stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is a large grouping of programs and standards that govern how information moves round the Internet. The protocols were established around 1970-1980 to allow computers to attach to one another.

TERABYTE (TB): It’s about a trillion bytes. Actually it’s 2 to the 40th power or 1,009,511,627,776 bytes.

TERAFLOP: A measure of a computer’s speed. It can be expressed as a trillion floating-point operations per second.

TERMINAL: This is what you look at when you’re on the Internet. It’s your computer screen.

Glossary of Computer Terms—S

Glossary of Computer Terms—S

S

SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. A computer bus designed to transfer data to and from a hard drive using serial signaling technology. Because SATA cables are thinner than its ribbon type counterpart, they can be connected to more devices while maintaining its signal integrity.

SCANNER: An electronic device that uses light-sensing equipment to scan paper images such as text, photos, and illustrations and translate the images into signals that the computer can then store, modify, or distribute.

SCRATCH PAD MEMORY: A group of internal registers used for the temporary storage of data being collected and sorted for immediate processing. It is analogous to a pad of paper for quickly jotting down notes.

SDRAM: Short for “Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory”. This is a newer type of DRAM that has the ability to run at much higher clock speeds than conventional memory.

Glossary of Computer Terms—R

Glossary of Computer Terms—R

R

RAID: Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. A method of spreading information across several disks set up to act as a unit, using two different techniques.

RAM: Random Access Memory. One of two basic types of memory. Portions of programs are stored in RAM when the program is launched so that the program will run faster. Though a PC has a fixed amount of RAM, only portions of it will be accessed by the computer at any given time. Also called memory.

RAM DISK (DISK EMULATOR): A portion of a hard drive configured to emulate a RAM. It accesses information quickly, but its data must be saved in a non-volatile memory for future use. Otherwise, the information is lost when power is removed.

RANDOM ACCESS: A technique of accessing (reading) a word of data from a memory structure by the CPU. Since a word in the memory can be accessed directly, the time required is independent of its location (address) in the memory structure. It is sometimes called a “direct access” method.

Glossary of Computer Terms—Q

Glossary of Computer Terms—Q

Q

QUERY: This is to make a computer request of a database. 
QUICK-TIME PLAYER: A multimedia technology developed by Apple Computer. Developed to display video, sound, animation, graphics, text, music and 360 degree virtual reality (VR) scenes. Apple makes its QuickTime plug-in available for free and once installed on your computer system, you can watch streaming media within a web page.

Glossary of Computer Terms—P

Glossary of Computer Terms—P

P

PALM: A hand-held computer.

PASCAL: A high-level programming language that is structured to encourage efficient programming habits (documentation) and is used extensively in educational institutions and engineering environments.

PARALLEL OPERATION: A method of data transmission in which all bits of a digital word are handled simultaneously with each bit on a separate line. Although faster and simpler to install and operate than SERIAL OPERATION, this method requires more transmission lines (real estate).

PARITY: A method of verifying the accuracy of binary data after it has been transferred to or from a storage area.

Glossary of Computer Terms—O

Glossary of Computer Terms—O

O

OBJECT: Something that contains both the data and the application that operates on that data.

OBJECT CODE: Machine language code produced by a translator program, such as an assembler, interpreter, or compiler. Instructions in object code can be executed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU). See SOURCE CODE.

OOP: Stands for Object Oriented Program. A larger program made up of smaller objects.

OPEN SOURCE: Computer programs whose original source code was revealed to the general public so that it could be developed openly. Software licensed as open source can be freely changed or adapted to new uses, meaning that the source code of the operating system is freely available to the public. Programmers may redistribute and modify the code, as long as they don’t collect royalties on their work or deny access to their code. Since development is not restricted to a single corporation more programmers can debug and improve the source code faster

Glossary of Computer Terms—N

Glossary of Computer Terms—N

N

NACS: Stands for Netware Asynchronous Communication Services.

NEGATIVE LOGIC: This term refers to logic in which the negative voltage represents the “1” state and the zero voltage represents the “0” state.

      See POSITIVE LOGIC.

NESTING: Embedding commands or data in levels of other data so that specific routines or instructions can be executed or accessed continuously in loops, without returning to the main program.

NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR: Currently the dominant World Wide Web browser. Information on the latest version of the browser can be found at www.netscape.com.

NETWORK ADAPTER: This is the hardware that allows the computers that are part of a network to communicate with each other.

Glossary of Computer Terms—M

Glossary of Computer Terms—M

M

MACHINE LANGUAGE: Sets of numeric binary code instructions in a computer which execute its operations. All other programming languages (SOURCE PROGRAMS) must be translated into machine language (OBJECT PROGRAM) before entering the CPU.

MACRO: A combination of commands, instructions, or keystrokes which may be stored in a computer’s memory to be executed as a single command by a single keystroke or a simultaneous combination of keystrokes.

MACROASSEMBLER: An assembly language translator that converts macro expressions into several machine language instructions. Although macros simplify program coding and speed up execution of a program, a code for each macro must also be generated.

MAC OS: An operating system with a graphical user interface, developed by Apple? for Macintosh? computers. Current System “X.1” (10) combines the traditional Mac interface with a strong underlying UNIX? operating system for increased performance and stability.

Computer MCQ 011

Computer MCQ 011

1.     The smallest unit in a digital system is

        (A) Byte

        (B) Kilobyte

        (C) Word

        (D) Character

        (E) Bit

2.     The computer’s processor consists of which of the following parts?

        (A) CPU and Main Memory

        (B) Hard Disk and Floppy Drive

        (C) Main Memory and Storage

        (D) Operating system and Applications

        (E) Control Unit and ALU

Glossary of Computer Terms—L

Glossary of Computer Terms—L

L

LANDSCAPE: A printer feature, generally controlled by software, which rotates the output image by 90º to print across the length rather than the width of the paper.

LAPTOP AND NOTEBOOK: Small, lightweight, portable battery-powered computers that can fit onto your lap. They each have a thin, flat, liquid crystal display screen.

LASER (LIGHT AMPLIFICATION by STIMULATED EMISSION of RADIATION): A system that generates high-intensity, highly-focused light for many purposes, including printers, high-density memory media, and a light generator for fiber optic transmission systems.

LASER DISK: See CD-ROM

LASER PRINTER: A computer-driven photocopier that creates an original image of the text or graphics from the output of the computer. A computercontrolled laser beam “paints” the desired image inside the photocopier and then prints the image on a sheet of paper.

LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO): A method of storing and retrieving data in a stack, table, or list.

Glossary of Computer Terms—K

Glossary of Computer Terms—K

K

KEYBOARD: A peripheral device consisting of alphanumerics, punctuation marks, and other special function keys that are mechanically arranged to allow the entry of data, commands, and other information into the system.

K OR KBPS: (kilobites per second). A speed rating for computer modems that measures (in units of 1,024 bits) the maximum number of bits the device can transfer in one second under ideal conditions. 
KILOBYTE (KB) This is about a thousand bytes of space. In reality, it’s two to the 10th power or 1,024 bytes.

Glossary of Computer Terms—J

Glossary of Computer Terms—J

J

JAVA: Java is a programming language, which allows a programmer to write the code once on their computer platform and is then usable on any Javaaware computer platform.

JAVA SCRIPT: This is a language very close to Java that allows for more interaction with the viewer.

JPEG: (Joint Photographic Experts Group) The name of the committee that designed the photographic image-compression standard. JPEG is optimized for compressing full-color or gray-scale photographic-type, digital images. Photos are generally stored in JPEG format on the Internet. All graphics files should remain very small with an option for the user to view a larger photo. Graphics are stored in GIF format.

JUGHEAD Search browser like “Archie”. 
JUMP: An instruction that causes the computer to fetch the next instruction to be executed from a location other than the next sequential location in memory.