Glossary of Computer Terms—I

Glossary of Computer Terms—I

I

IBM: Stands for International Business Machines

ICONS: Symbols or illustrations appearing on the computer screen that indicate program files or other computer functions.

IEEE 488: See GENERAL PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS

IMPACT PRINTER: A computer-driven mechanical imprinting device where the characters are formed by the printer-head key striking a ribbon to imprint the character’s image onto a paper.

INCREMENT: The increase in the numerical contents of a counter. An increment of one is usually assumed, unless otherwise specified.See DECREMENT.

INK-JET PRINTER: A printer that forms characters by electrostatically aiming and depositing a tiny patterned drop of ink onto the paper to be printed.

Glossary of Computer Terms—H

Glossary of Computer Terms—H

H

HACKER: A person with technical expertise who experiments with computer systems to determine how to develop additional features. Hackers are occasionally requested by system administrators to try and “break into” systems via a network to test security. The term hacker is sometimes incorrectly used interchangeably with cracker. A hacker is called a “white hat” and a cracker a “black hat.”

HALF-DUPLEX: A communications mode that allows transmission and reception of digital data between computers, but not simultaneously.

HANDSHAKING: The process by which two devices initiate communications. Handshaking begins when one device sends a message to another device indicating that it wants to establish a communications channel. The two devices then send several messages back and forth that enable them to agree on a communications protocol.

HARD COPY: A paper printout of what you have prepared on the computer.

Facts about Space, Planets and Universe

Facts about Space, Planets and Universe

1. Saturn’s moon Titan has plenty of evidence of organic (life) chemicals in its atmosphere.

2. Life is known to exist only on Earth, but in 1986 NASA found what they thought might be fossils of microscopic living things in a rock from Mars.

3. Most scientists say life’s basic chemicals formed on the Earth. The astronomer Fred Hoyle said they came from space.

4. Oxygen is circulated around the helmet in space suits in order to prevent the visor from misting.

5. The middle layers of space suits are blown up like a balloon to press against the astronaut’s body. Without this pressure, the astronaut’s body would boil!

6. The gloves included in the space suit have silicon rubber fingertips which allow the astronaut some sense of touch.

Glossary of Computer Terms—G

Glossary of Computer Terms—G

G

GATE: See LOGIC GATE.

GATE ARRAY: A group of standard logic gates that can be interconnected into a complete circuit or system. Also called LOGIC ARRAY.

GATEWAY: As in Common Gateway Interface (CGI). It is a piece of software that allows two items to communicate with each other. They are used to make connections between computers and systems inside that computer.

GENERAL PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS (GPIB): A BUS specification standard (IEEE 488) for controlling peripheral devices.

GIF: (Graphics Interchange Format) A graphics file format that is commonly used on the Internet to provide graphics images in Web pages. All graphic files should remain under 5 kilobytes in size to speed page loading. See JPEG and kbps.

GIGABYTE (GB): 1024 megabytes. Also called gig.

Glossary of Computer Terms—F

Glossary of Computer Terms—F

F

FAQs: (Frequently Asked Questions) Files that are maintained at Internet sites to answer frequently asked questions. INA has a FAQ section for its members.

FAT: Stands for File Allocation Table. Basically this is a table of contents in a directory that tells the computer what al is in there. Look at your Netscape cache, you’ll see a FAT. It’ll be the first file.

FAN-IN: The maximum number of output terminals from other logic gates that can be connected to an input terminal of a specified logic gate.

FAN-OUT: The maximum number of input terminals that can be connected to the output terminal of a specified logic gate.

FETCH: The command to obtain an instruction from a stored program.

FIBER-OPTIC: This is a new style of cable being used for very high speed data transmission. It works by pushing (modulating) a light wave across cable. The data is carried along with the light.

Glossary of Computer Terms—E

Glossary of Computer Terms—E

E

EBOOK: An electronic (usually hand-held) reading device that allows a person to view digitally stored reading materials.

EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It is also called the Extended ASCII Code, as it adds an eighth digit to the normal sevendigit code.

EDITOR: A program for preparing and/or modifying a SOURCE PROGRAM or other file by addition, deletion, or change.

E-COMMERCE: It means buying or selling any product online using the internet technology. Many companies have set up their web sites which provide the facilities to order and purchase their products and services online.

E-MAIL: (Electronic mail) Messages transmitted over the Internet from user to user. E-mail can contain text, but also can carry with it files of any type as attachments. However, this does NOT guarantee the receiver has the software to open or use the attachment.

Teacher's Day

Teacher's Day

Teacher's Day is celebrated in India on 5th September every year from 1962. The day is celebrated in the honor of India's second President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. It is the day when the country remembers and respects the contribution of teachers in the society and student's life.

Computer MCQ 010

Computer MCQ 010

1.    What is the process of copying software programs from secondary storage media to the hard disk called?

        (A) configuration
        (B) download
        (C) storage
        (D) upload
        (E) installation

2.    This first step in the transaction processing cycle captures business data through various modes such as optical scanning or at an electronic commerce website.

        (A) Document and report generation
        (B) Database maintenance
        (C) Transaction processing start-up
        (D) Data Entry
        (E) None of these

Computer MCQ 012

Computer MCQ 012

1.     Which of the following displays the contents of active cell?

        (A) Toolbar

        (B) Menubar

        (C) Namebox

        (D) Formula bar

        (E) None of these

2.     .bas, .doc. and . htm are exam­ples of

        (A) Database

        (B) Extension

        (C) Domain

        (D) Protocol

        (E) None of these

Country and Language

Country and Language

A

Afghanistan: Dari Persian; Pashto

Albania: Albanian

Algeria: Arabic; Tamazight; French

Andorra: Catalan

Angola: Portuguese

Antigua & Barbuda: English

Argentina: Spanish

Armenia: Armenian

Australia: English

Austria: German

Azerbaijan: Azerbaijani

General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR)

General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR)

What are general anti-avoidance rules (GAAR)?

These rules, originally proposed in the Direct Taxes Code, are targeted at arrangements or transactions made specifically to avoid taxes. The government had decided to advance the introduction of GAAR and implement it from the current financial year itself. More than 30 countries have introduced GAAR provisions in their respective tax codes to check evasion.

What are the implications?

GAAR allows tax authorities to call a business arrangement or a transaction ‘impermissible avoidance arrangement’ if they feel it has been primarily entered into to avoid taxes.

Once an arrangement is ruled ‘impermissible’ then the tax authorities can deny tax benefits. Most aggressive tax avoidance arrangements would be under the risk of being termed impermissible. The rule can apply on domestic as well as overseas transactions

Facts About the Human Body

Facts About the Human Body

The human body is an incredibly complex and intricate system, one that still baffles doctors and researchers on a regular basis despite thousands of years of medical knowledge. As a result, it shouldn’t be any surprise that even body parts and functions we deal with every day have bizarre or unexpected facts and explanations behind them. From sneezes to fingernail growth, here are 100 weird, wacky, and interesting facts about the human body.

Glossary of Computer Terms—D

Glossary of Computer Terms—D

D

DAISY-WHEEL PRINTER: An impact printer that uses a print element shaped like a flat disk or large thimble to form the alphanumeric and punctuation marks that are part of its print element. Unlike dot-matrix, ink-jet, and laser printers, daisy-wheel printers can not print graphics. See LETTER-QUALITY PRINTER.

DATABASE: A collection of similar information stored in a file, such as a database of addresses. This information may be created and stored in a database management system (DBMS).

DATA: Anything that is recorded or used for processing. The stuff that transfers between computers needed a name — data seemed good.

DATA RATE: Speed that information moves from one item to another. This is usually in the form of bits.

CBS (Core Banking Solutions)

CBS (Core Banking Solutions)

What is CBS?
CBS refers to the software applications for recording transactions, storing customer information, calculating interest and completing the process of passing entries in a single database. 

CORE: Centralized Online Real-time Exchange.

What CBS does?
CBS enables accessing of complete customer account details centrally. It makes it possible for a bank customer to access his bank account through whichever channel he prefers like internet banking, mobile banking, ATM etc.

Types of Bank Accounts

Types of Bank Accounts

A bank account can be a time deposit account or a term deposit account or a no frill account ie BSBDA .

TYPES OF BANK ACCOUNTS

(a) Savings Bank Account

(b) Current Deposit Account

(c) Fixed Deposit Account

(d) Recurring Deposit Account.

(e) No-Frill Account

Windows Run Command

Windows Run Command

To Access….	Run Command
Accessibility Controls	access.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard	hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs	appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools	control admintools
Automatic Updates	wuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard	fsquirt
Calculator	calc
Certificate Manager	certmgr.msc
Character Map	charmap

Threats to Computer Security (Virus)

Threats to Computer Security (Virus)

The words Trojan, worm and virus are often used interchangeably, though they are not exactly the same thing. Viruses, worms and Trojan horses are all malicious programs that can cause damage to our computer.

Virus

It is a malicious computer program and attaches itself to a program or file, enabling it to spread from one computer to another. Like a human virus, some computer viruses may cause only mildly annoying effects while others can damage your hardware, software or files. Almost all viruses are attached to an executable file, which means the virus may exist on your computer but it actually cannot infect your computer unless you run or open the malicious program. It is important to note that a virus cannot be spread without a human action (such as running an infected program) to keep it going. As a virus is spread by human action people will unknowingly continue the spread of a computer virus by sharing infecting files or sending emails with viruses as attachments in the email.

Maurya Empire and Dynasty

Maurya Empire and Dynasty

The Maurya Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya with help from Chanakya at Takshashila in the year 322 BC. Chandragupta defeated King Dhana Nanda of the Nanda Dynasty to establish the Mauryan Empire. At the peak of its power, the empire stretched from Afghanistan to Bay of Bengal to southern India. It was the largest ever in the Indian subcontinent and one of the world’s largest empires at its time. The dynasty ruled from 322 BC to 185 BC. A total of nine rulers rule the empire among which Ashoka was the greatest. Pataliputra was the capital of the Empire. It was about nine mile in length and a mile and a half in breadth. According to Megasthenes, it was “surrounded by a wooden wall pierced by 64 gates and 570 gates.

Glossary of Computer Terms—C

Glossary of Computer Terms—C

C

C: A programming language developed at AT&T.

CACHE: Web browsers store accessed information in a folder on your hard drive called a cache. Some also store information in memory for faster access. This saves time when a user goes to another page on a site with the same graphics. The Iowa Newspaper Association site uses many of the same graphics throughout to take advantage of this feature to speed browsing.

CAD-CAM: Computer Aided Drawing-Computer Aided Manufacturing. The instructions stored in a computer that will be translated to very precise operating instructions to a robot, such as for assembling cars or lasercutting signage.

CD-ROM (COMPACT DISK READ-ONLY MEMORY): An aluminized disk, 4.72" in diameter that provides an optical storage medium for digital data up to 650 Megabytes. A laser beam permanently burns data into its surface which cannot be over-written, altered, or erased, providing read-only memory capability. Larger size disks are generally called “laser disks”.

Interesting Facts About Space

100 Interesting Facts About Space

Space is mysterious and beautiful, understand it more with this list of one hundred interesting facts about space, planets, moons and stars!

1. Mercury and Venus are the only two planets in our solar system that do not have any moons.

2. If a star passes too close to a black hole, it can be torn apart.

3. The hottest planet in our solar system is Venus. Most people often think that it would be Mercury, as it’s the closest planet to the sun. This is because Venus has a lot of gasses in its atmosphere, which causes the “Greenhouse Effect”.

4. The solar system is around 4.6 billion years old. Scientist estimate that it will probably last another 5000 million years

5. Enceladus, one of Saturn’s smaller moons, reflects some 90% of the sunlight, making it more reflective than snow!

6. The highest mountain known to man is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars. It’s peak is 15 miles (25KM) high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mt Everest.

7. The Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) was the very first celestial object to be identified as being spiral.

Gupta Empire and Dynasty

Gupta Empire and Dynasty

The Gupta Empire was founded by Sri Gupta, which existed from 320 A.D. to 550 A.D. . The Gupta Era is known as the Golden period of Indian history. The peace and prosperity along with scientific and artistic inventions and discoveries were developed under Gupta rulers. The period is noted for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion, philosophy and almost every sector of public and private life. Scholars like Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma were produced during Gupta period. The Gupta Kings were patrons of Brahmanical religion and Sanskrit once again became the official language. At its zenith, Gupta Empire controlled the whole of the Indian subcontinent.

Smallest Biggest in World

Smallest Biggest in World

Geographical Facts

Largest Continent: Asia, 17,212,2000 square miles

Smallest Continent: Australia,312,2000 square miles

Highest Mountain: Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,035 feet above sea level

Lowest Point on land: The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, water surface 1,349 feet below sea level

Deepest Underwater Trench: Marina Trench, 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, 36,198 feet below the ocean surface

Largest Sea: The Mediterranean Sea, 1,144,800 square miles

Highest Lake: The Highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca in Peru, 12,500 feet above sea level

Lowest Lake: The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, surface of water 1,349 feet below sea level

Nick Name of Places

Nick Name of Places

Which is called, City of Golden Temple?

Ans: Amritsar

Which is called, Blue Mountains?

Ans: Nilgiri

Which is called, Hill Queen?

Ans: Simla

Which is called, Land of Five Rivers?

Ans: Punjab

Which is called, Pearl of the Orient?

Ans: Goa

Which is called, God’s Own Country?

Ans: Kerala

Physics MCQ 001

Physics MCQ 001

1. The planet that is known as earth’s twin is

(A) Mercury

(B) Venus

(C) Moon

(D) Mars

2. The temperature, surface features, length of days and nights of a planet depend on

(A) its atmosphere

(B) its distance from the sun

(C) its rotation

(D) All the above

Chemistry MCQ 001

Chemistry MCQ 001

1. Biogas is obtained during

(A) decomposition of petrol

(B) fermentation of animal and plant waste

(C) destructive distillation of coal

(D) electrolysis of water

2. Which of the following is used in fuel to propel rockets?

(A) Petrol

(B) Kerosene

(C) Hydrazine

(D) Alcohol

Biology MCQ 001

Biology MCQ 001

1. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease for which a special programme has been launched by the Govt of India?

(A) Polio

(B) HIV/AIDS

(C) Malaria

(D) ancer

(E) None of these

2. Bird flu is a disease which affects and spreads through

(A) Cattle

(B) Sheep

(C) Prawn

(D) Silkworm

(E) Poultry

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan was launched on 5 November, 2013 on India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C25 rocket from Sriharikota. The mission is conducted by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is the cheapest mission to Mars till now. It cost only Rs. 450 crores or $ 67 mn.

स्मरणीय दिवस (Commemorative Days)

स्मरणीय दिवस (Commemorative Days)

विश्व एड्स दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?
1 दिसम्बर

विश्व कैंसर दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?
4 फरवरी 

विश्व रेडियो दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?
13 फरवरी 

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?
8 मार्च

विश्व वन्य जीवन दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?
3 मार्च 

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय वन दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?
21 मार्च 

Computer MCQ 009

Computer MCQ 009

1.    Which type of memory holds only the program and data that the CPU is presently processing?

        (A) CMOS
        (B) ROM
        (C) RAM
        (D) ASCII
        (E) None of these

2.    A button that makes character either upper or lower case and numbers to symbols.

        (A) monitor
        (B) shift key
        (C) icon
        (D) mouse
        (E) None of these